Semi-fluid manure with large water content, such as fresh pig manure and chicken manure, can be fermented by the following methods.



The fermentation tank should not be too deep. Generally, the depth of the fermentation tank should not exceed 50 cm. In actual production, vegetable farmers often build fermentation ponds according to the characteristics of plots, and some fermentation ponds are too deep, so that the upper part of fermented manure has already been fermented completely, while the middle and lower layer of manure is similar to the purchased fresh manure. This is because the semi-fluid fresh manure has large water content and poor air permeability, and the bottom temperature of fermentation pond is too deep to reach the temperature required for fermentation, so the root can not reach the temperature required for fermentation. Fertilizer at the bottom of the fermentation tank can not be fermented, so the fermentation tank must be shallow to facilitate heat transfer.



The top of the fermentation tank should be covered with film. If the vegetable growers ferment in the open air. The temperature of organic fertilizer can not be effectively maintained, the temperature of compost is slower, the fermentation time will be greatly prolonged, and the loss of nitrogen in manure will also be caused, so that the loss of nitrogen of organic fertilizer may reach more than 60%. When covered with film, the temperature of organic fertilizer can be rapidly increased. Preventing nitrogen fertilizer from being converted into gas flow.



When fresh pig manure and chicken manure are fermented, appropriate amount of soil and weeds can be added, which can also promote fermentation. This is because the microorganisms in the soil can play a role in speeding up fermentation. At the same time, soil and weeds can also use nitrogen fertilizer to avoid the loss of nitrogen fertilizer.



When fermented fresh pig, chicken manure and other organic fertilizer, if the organic fertilizer is purchased, the humidity is very large. It can be turned with a spade every 5-7 days when stacking. The purpose of this method is to increase oxygen in organic fertilizer and promote microbial reproduction, so as to achieve the purpose of rapid fermentation. While stirring the top layer of organic fertilizer, the organic fertilizer at the bottom of fermentation tank can also be stirred to the top layer, and the top layer of manure can be stirred to the bottom layer, which has a faster fermentation effect.



For example, dry chicken manure, rice husk chicken and duck manure, vegetable growers can ferment according to the following.



When vegetable growers buy rice husk dung, they will add enough moisture to make the fertilizer wet. Then they will build piles according to the width of the bottom 1.5-2 meters, the width of the upper 1.2-1.5 meters, the height 1-1.2 meters, and the length of the pile is unlimited. Then the top of the pile will be perforated with wooden bars with a diameter of 6-8 centimeters, and it will be deep to the bottom of the pile with a ventilation hole of 20-25 centimeters apart. 6-7 rows of ventilation holes will be drilled at the top of the dung pile. This is mainly to ensure that there is sufficient oxygen supply in the fermentation of manure, and then coated with film for heating fermentation.



During the fermentation of manure, vegetable farmers should pay attention to the use of thermometers inserted below the surface 20 centimeters for temperature measurement, and keep the heap temperature above 60 degrees C and below 80 degrees C for two days. When turning the pile, turn the outside manure into the inside of the dunghill and the inside into the outside. At the same time, pay attention to the exchange of the upper and lower dunghill. Then build a fermentation reactor again, and pay attention to its water supplement. After 3-4 turnovers, when the manure is odorless, it shows that it has been completely fermented and decomposed. During fermentation, it should be noted that the compost temperature should not exceed 80 C in order to prevent the high temperature from killing the beneficial bacteria in the manure, and in serious cases, the situation of stuffing and burning will occur.



Problems after use of uncooked manure



It is well known that the use of unripe organic fertilizers can cause vegetable root burning and seedling smoking, while the use of semi-ripe or semi-ripe organic fertilizers in large quantities may also produce such a situation. If the amount of organic fertilizer used is large and the ploughing is shallow, a large amount of manure concentrates on the shallow surface, and the decomposition process is accelerated under the conditions of good ventilation and suitable environment, it will lead to root burning and seedling fumigation. What if this happens? Reporters suggest that it can be improved from four aspects.



First, do not spray any more ripening agent. If the organic fertilizer is not well decomposed, the symptoms of burning roots can occur within two or three days after vegetable planting. At this time, many vegetable farmers think that using fermentation and decomposition agent for rapid fermentation is a good way, but because the vegetable has been planted, using fermentation and decomposition agent for rapid fermentation of organic fertilizer in the soil is undoubtedly causing more serious damage to the vegetable. Therefore, fermentation and decomposition agents should not be used in the case of root burning.



Second, ventilation should be strengthened to avoid the occurrence of air hazards. In winter, the greenhouse is relatively closed, and the ammonia gas produced by organic fertilizer in the process of ripening can not volatilize, so it is easy to fumigate vegetables. Therefore, when the phenomenon of seedling fumigation occurs, the number and time of ventilation should be increased so that ammonia in the shed can be discharged out of the shed in time to avoid the occurrence of air hazards.



Third, increase the application of fertilizers for roots and roots. The application of functional products for rooting with water can not only reduce the effect of immature organic fertilizer on roots, but also inhibit the infection of root diseases by functional fertilizers such as Bio-bacterial fertilizer.